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In order to obtain the well-to-wheel (WTW), CO₂ is emitted from fuel production, gets added to TTW emissions which presents Well-to-wheel with a full spectrum thereby there is a possibility of reducing CO₂ emissions in the car fleet.

At the fuelling station, it was assumed that Hydrogen can be used in a decentralized way to reform natural gas whereas electricity production was maintained at the current CO₂ emission factor.

In the Colombian national grid, around 70% of the electricity is generated from hydropower. Emissions of CO2 are higher in Light Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles (FCHEV) than in the Light Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) scenario.

This result shows that the BEVs that are conventional and lightweight as considered to be a more reassuring option for controlling CO₂ emissions.

Source- Energy by J.C. González Palencia et al.