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The threats of the cyberattack on Automata in Industry 4.0 are:-

• Tampering and spoofing attacks alter or falsify the data or commands sent to or from the industrial control systems, causing disruption or delay in the system operations.
• Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks overwhelm the network bandwidth or resources of industrial devices or servers, preventing them from functioning properly or responding to legitimate requests.
• Ransomware attacks can encrypt the data or files of industrial systems, demanding a ransom for their decryption or threatening to leak them publicly.
• Malware attacks infect industrial systems with malicious software that can steal, delete or modify data, monitor system activities, disrupt system performance, or allow remote access by attackers.
• Man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks can intercept the communication between industrial devices or systems, eavesdropping, altering, or injecting data into the traffic.

The ways to prevent such attacks are:-

• Digital signature-based security mechanisms are implemented to offer authentication, integrity, and protection against cyberattacks on the communication protocols used by industrial devices and systems.
• Defense mechanisms are used as blockchain technology in a variety of solutions, such as intrusion detection systems, prevention of distributed denial-of-service attacks, and data sovereignty.
• Threat intelligence mechanisms are developed to monitor and recognize cyberattacks on Industry 4.0 systems using machine learning and data analysis techniques.
• Security-by-design and privacy-by-design principles are applied to ensure that security and privacy are considered from the early stages of the system development lifecycle.
• Regular risk assessments and audits are conducted to identify and mitigate the vulnerabilities and threats in industrial systems and networks.
• Training and awareness programs are provided in the workforce and stakeholders on the best practices and standards of cybersecurity in Industry 4.0.

Source:- mdpi, IEEE explore, cynation, deloitte